北京外国语大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目: 英语翻译基础
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese

1. UNICEF
2. LAN
3. RSVP
4. FYI
5. R.I.P
6. probability theory
7. notary office
8. trademark registry
9. European Council
10. nuclear proliferation
11. mortgage loan
12. listed company
13. livestock tax
14. capital flight
15. chemical castration

II. Translate the following terms into English

1.秋裤
2.选美
3.东坡肉
4.公务员考试
5.首付
6.印花税
7.打车软件
8.杂交水稻
9.重型运载火箭
10.磁悬浮列车
11.缔约国
12.利益共同体
13.激励机制
14.上善若水
15.有容乃大

III. Translate the following passage into Chinese

Beauty is a curious phenomenon, one of permeable, shifting boundaries. We may think we understand it, since we sense it effortlessly. In fact, it is a bundle of mysteries researchers are still uncovering.

Consider the ancient proverb: beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Until about 30 years ago it seemed too obvious for scientists to bother with. When they finally tested it, their results startled them.

　　On the one hand, the maxim is false. Facial beauty is the same throughout the world. In every tribe and culture, individuals will consider Marilyn Monroe, say, an attractive woman. It goes further. Males can identify good-looking men, and females charming women. Old and young, rich and poor, learned and ignorant, all agree on who is beautiful. So do people of every class and personality type.

　　We don’t learn this response. We’re born with it. In one recent study, babies just 20 hours old recognized attractive faces and preferred them. So beauty is in our DNA. The eye of the beholder doesn’t matter.

On the other hand, and this is where it gets interesting, the facial shell is just the foundation of beauty. We see the self in the face, every day, all the time, and we can’t distinguish the two.

　　This blurring means that we gift the attractive with a large number of virtues. They seem more competent, likeable, happier, blessed with better lives and personalities. In one experiment, people predicted happier marriages and better jobs for them, and rated them lower on only on aspect: their caliber as parents. Another study found people consider them more amiable, happy, flexible, pleasure-seeking, serious, candid, outspoken, perspective, confident, assertive, curious and active. They exert more control over their destiny, subjects felt, while the homely endure the world’s sudden change.

　　It is called the “beautiful is good” stereotype, and it grants the attractive a parade of boons. Teachers consider them smarter and give them higher grades. Bosses promote them faster. In one tale in One Thousand and One Nights, a thief steals a coin-bag, and when the victim accuses him, people protest: “No, he’s such a handsome youth. He wouldn’t steal anything! ” In fact, attractive people can shoplift with greater ease, since witnesses are less likely to report them. And when they do stand before the court, juries acquit them more readily and judges give them lighter penalties.

IV. Translate the following passage into English
现存的长城是明朝修建的，用于抵御蒙古和女真族的侵扰。明朝统治者十分重视长城的修筑。公元1368年至1620年，长城共修建过8次。明长城东起鸭绿江，西至嘉峪关，全长超过5000公里。但鸭绿江至山海关一段城墙修建较差，一般认为山海关是明长城的东起点。明代长城的修建技术已经有了很大进步，所以长城的防御能力也大大提高。

　　直到明朝，长城的建设才告一段落。因为康熙皇帝激烈地谴责了秦始皇在这个大项目上耗费了巨大的人力物力，最终却没能阻止秦朝的灭亡。康熙采用了新的方法，通过在热河建立避暑行宫来缓和和蒙古、西藏贵族的关系。长城是一项巨大的防御工程。长城由三个部分组成：关口、城墙、烽火台。关口设立在长城的重要位置，设有碉堡，城墙、城楼和陷阱。有的还有女儿墙和护城河。关口一般都有军队把守。山海关被誉为“天下第一关”。