考研英语的基础在于两点，词汇和语法，今天我们还是首先讲解语法部分。

—现在完成时与现在完成进行时

在海文考研的英语基础语法课中，我多次强调，考研英语中最常见的时态之一是现在完成时(have done)，而考试中也会出现现在完成进行时(have been doing), 很多同学在未进入海文课堂之前都存在这样的时态疑惑。

我们先来看2019 年考研真题中出现的两句话。

① Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.

② Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they

typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to.

第①句中就用了现在完成时，谓语是 have imposed；第②句用了现在完成进行时，谓语是 have been collecting。

这两个时态有什么用法区别？今天我来总结一下：

5.现在完成时强调动作的完成和影响，现在完成进行时强调动作的未完成。比如，

He has painted the room. 她已经粉刷过房间了。(影响：墙壁是干净的) & He has been painting the room. 他一直在粉刷房间。(还未粉刷完)

I have thought it over. 我已经考虑过了。(影响：现在可以给回复) & I have been thinking it over. 我一直在考虑这件事。(还未考虑清楚)

6.现在完成时经常表单个事件，现在完成进行时可表重复事件。比如， Rebecca has gone to the library. 丽贝卡去图书馆了。& Rebecca has been going to the library for a year. 丽贝卡在一年间经常去图书馆。

Rebecca has met the hot girl in the library again. 丽贝卡在图书馆再次遇到那个性感的女孩。& Rebecca has been meeting a hot girl in the library lately. 丽贝卡近来经常在图书馆遇到那个性感的女孩。

7.现在完成时陈述事实，现在完成进行时表感情色彩。比如，

What have you done? 你做什么了？(仅是疑问)

I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this, “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.” (在 2007 年 6 月 7 日举行的哈佛大学的毕业典礼上，Bill Gates 获得了学校颁 发的荣誉博士学位时说道) 我已经等了30 多年才得以说这句话：“爸爸，我一直 都在告诉你，我会回来拿到学位的”。(难 以抑制的兴奋之情)

Where have you been? I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours. 你去哪了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。(不满)

8.表重复时，完成时强调成果，讲次数；完成进行时强调持续，不讲次数。

I have sent thirty e-mails this morning. 我今天上午发了三十封电子邮件。& I have been sending e-mails this morning. 我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。 

以上就是这两个时态的区别，在海文课堂上学了之后，看文章不仅节约时间，而且理解准确。